They have teeth molded on the inner surface that fit into matching toothed pul. The wearland force and edge force are reconsidered by analysing the oblique cutting process and the. Fi orthogonal cutting is also known as two dimensional metal cutting in which the cutting edge is normal to the work piece. Summary the orthogonal metal cutting process for a controlled contact tool is simulated using a limit analysis theorem. The workpiece material property is a function of temperature, strain, and strain rate in the primary and secondary shear zones. Jossel 1865 2 forces were obtained in lathe cutting and two types of metal cutting used in industries orthogonal cutting and oblique cutting. For this purpose, orthogonal cutting simulations of aisi 1045 steel are. An ale threedimensional model of orthogonal and oblique metal cutting processes olivier pantale, roger rakotomalala, maurice touratier l. In particular, many topics reflect recent developments, e.
Obliquecutting cutting edge of the tool is inclinedtothelinenormaltothe cutting direction. In the case of function spaces, families of orthogonal functions are used to form a. In orthogonal cutting it is equal to the thickness of cut and is measured in mm. Page 1 module 2 mechanics of machining version 2 me iit, kharapur page 2 module 2 mechanics of machining version 2 me iit, kharapur lesson 6 orthogonal and oblique cutting version 2 me iit, kharapur page 3 module 2 mechanics of machining version 2 me iit, kharapur lesson 6 orthogonal and oblique cutting version 2 me iit, kharapur instructional objectives at the end of this lesson, the student. Pankaj chaugule posted on 19 nov 15 there are two types of work tool motion in metal cutting operation. Orthogonal and oblique cutting module 2 mechanics of. Metal cutting could be done either by a single point cutting tool or a multi point cutting tool. N metal cutting operation, the position of the cutting tool is important based on which the cutting operation is classified as orthogonal cutting and oblique cutting shown in g 1. Chapter 20 fundamentals of machining orthogonal machining. Theory of metal cutting 2 authorstream presentation.
Effect of rake angle and feed rate on cutting forces in an. Home mechanical engineering college of science and. What is the difference between oblique and orthogonal cutting. Nomenclature of single point cutting tool 1 side cutting angle it is also called lead angle. Finite element simulation of the orthogonal metal cutting. Kim 2 cutting processes objectives product quality. The basic principles are stated in the form of a primal optimization problem with an objective function subjected to constraints of the equilibrium equation, its static boundary conditions and a constitutive inequality.
Comparison between the orthogonal and oblique cutting. The shearing strain undergone by the metal during chip formation, and the. Orthogonal machining twoforce model cutting tool geometry is simplified from the 3d oblique geometry to a 2d orthogonal geometry. Introduction and nomenclature of single point cutting tool. All metal cutting operations involve a wedge shaped tool with a straight cutting edge, having a relative velocity with reference to the workpiece, contributing to chip formation. Oblique cutting orthogonal cutting is also called as two dimensional cutting and oblique cutting is also called as three dimensional cutting. Orthogonal cutting in orthogonal cutting, the cutting edge inclination is zero and chip is expected to flow along the orthogonal. On the mechanism of chip formation in oblique cutting of. Oblique cutting is the most common type, normally found in several. Depending on the bilinear form, the vector space may contain nonzero self orthogonal vectors. The paper analyzes the relationships for calculating the cutting angle in oblique free cutting of metals, which were proposed earlier by some researchers. Dependency of microhardness hv on the cutting speed vc and on the orthogonal rake angle. Concept of orthogonal and oblique cutting and difference.
In oblique cutting the angle between the cutting edge and the direction of the tool, motion is. In on national culture frantz fanon pdf metal cutting, international research in production. Pdf comparative study of chip formation in orthogonal and. Please see the complete video for understanding the concept. Shear strength of metal along shear plane is not affected by normal stress. Conventional machining 2 mechanical engineering, iitb. It is shown that from the standpoint of chip formation this cutting process is advisable to be treated as orthogonal free cutting with a tool whose rake is a function of the face sharpening angle and cutting edge inclination.
Advanced machining processes of metallic materials. Orthogonal cutting doesnt have those complexities, but oblique cutting is found to be used in more often in an industrial setting. Oblique cutting involves principal and auxiliary cutting edges in the cutting action which increases friction and advances wear in the cutting tool. A comprehensive analysis of the mechanics of cutting in the oblique cutting process is then carried out. In orthogonal cutting, inclination of cutting edge of tool is perpendicular to the direction of tool travel. May 09, 2017 the basic and main difference between orthogonal cutting and oblique cutting is that in orthogonal cutting, the cutting edge of the tool is perpendicular to the direction of motion but in oblique cutting, the cutting edge makes an angle with the d. Yang department of mechanical engineering and applied mechanics, the university of michigan, ann arbor, michigan 48109, u. Cutting process variation market research conceptual design.
Today we will discuss about difference between orthogonal and oblique cutting. Only orthogonal cutting process is best suitable for ease of. Orthogonal and oblique cutting bda3052 manufacturing orthogonal cutting. Cutting edge of the tool is perpendicular to the direction of tool travel. In this study, a process model for orthogonal cutting processes is proposed. The cutting edge is inclined to the direction of the cutting motion. The resultant too force in metal cutting is distributed over the areas of the tool that contact the chip and workpiece. In this paper, a finite element model of a twodimensional orthogonal metal cutting process is used to simulate the chip formation, cutting forces, stress, strain and temperature distributions. Manufacturing technology theory of metal cutting metal cutting or machining is the process of producing a work piece by removing unwanted material from a block of metal, in the form of chips.
Introduction and nomenclature of single point cutting tool and tool signature. For same feed and depth of cut the force which shears the metal acts on smaller areas. The finite deformation theory and the updated lagrangian formulation ulf were used to describe the oblique cutting process in an attempt to develop an oblique cutting elasticplastic finiteelement analytical model. For example, twodimensional cutting for square shoulder operation. Friction force, f force normal to friction force, n cutting force, f. Slab milling cutters operates on horizontal or universal milling machines to machine large broad surfaces quickly. Also called scalping cutters are manufactured from 6. Development of predictive force models for classical. There are two basic types of metal cutting by a single point cutting tool. Pdf on the fundamentals of orthogonal metal cutting. Kim 3 orthogonal cutting in a lathe rake angle shear angle t o. Therefore, force relationship in oblique cutting is complex in nature and do not considered for force analysis in cutting process.
The basic and main difference between orthogonal cutting and oblique cutting is that in orthogonal cutting, the cutting edge of the tool is perpendicular to the direction of motion but in oblique cutting, the cutting edge makes an angle with the d. Orthogonal cutting video, geometry, forces and power demonstration cutting equipmenttools. Orthogonal cutting video, geometry, forces and power demonstration cutting equipmenttools design for manufacturing. In metal cutting theory, all operations performed with the wedgeshaped tool when a layer of metal is removed in the form of continuous or discontinuous chip can be conventionally divided into two general cases, termed orthogonal and oblique cutting. Summary the orthogonal metal cutting process for a controlled contact tool is simulated. Apr 15, 2004 an analysis of the chip geometry and the force system found in the case of orthogonal cutting accompanied by a type 2 chip has yielded a collection of useful equations which make possible the study of actual machining operations in terms of basic mechanical quantities. Metal cutting free download as powerpoint presentation. There are two types of work tool motion in metal cutting operation. Machining can be defined as the process of removing material from a workpiece in the form of chips by a sharp cutting to leave the desired part shape.
The deviation of chip flow in machining like turning by single point tool may deviate from the orthogonal plane due to the following three factors. Cutting under mechanism of machining or chip formation. In this work, cutting coefficient of aisi 1045 steel will be estimated using finite. You can select pages in the visual interface or just type in the number of the pages you want to extract. Difference between orthogonal and oblique cutting mech4study.
An arbitrary lagrangian eulerian ale approach is used in this paper to model continuous threedimensional orthogonal and oblique steadystate metal cutting processes. An arbitrary lagrangian eulerian ale approach is used in this paper to model continuous threedimensional orthogonal and oblique steadystate metal cutting. Orthogonal cutting characteristics cutting edge perpendicular to cutting velocity vector. Two elements u and v of a vector space with bilinear form b are orthogonal when bu, v 0. The orthogonal metal cutting process for a controlled contact tool is simulated using a limit analysis theorem. This process is most important since almost all the products get their final shape and size by metal removal, either directly or indirectly. Jan 02, 2012 mechanics of metal cutting slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Title prediction of cutting coefficients during orthogonal metal cutting process using fea approach author tarek kershah, b. Pdf an experimental investigation of oblique cutting mechanics. Finite element simulation of orthogonal metal cutting using ls dyna by vishnu vardhan chandrasekaran a thesis submitted to the graduate faculty of auburn university in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of science auburn, alabama august 06, 2011 keywords. On this channel you can get education and knowledge for general issues and topics. The shearing strain undergone by the metal during chip formation, and the velocities of shear and of chip flow are among. The cutting forces and back forces are slightly changed by tools inclination angle. Therefore, most machining processes approach oblique cutting with orthogonal cutting as a particular case.
Difference between orthogonal and oblique cutting mecholic. In orthogonal cutting, the cutting edge of the tool is at right angles to the direction of the relative motion between the tool and the work piece. Experimental research on orthogonal cutting and oblique. Analysis of orthogonal metal cutting processes tyan. Metal cutting is the process of removing unwanted material in the form of chips, from a block of metal.
Jun 17, 2016 on this channel you can get education and knowledge for general issues and topics. Cutters used in slab milling may have straight or helical teeth producing orthogonal or oblique cutting action. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Every product, big or small, undergoes a machining process to get final product. This type of cutting is also known as twodimensional cutting.
Simplified orthogonal machining inplane model of the cutting process. A orthogonal cutting, b oblique cutting, c simple cutting, d uniform cutting, e, leave your comments or download question paper. To make the results of the simulation agree the orthogonal cutting test better, the separation surface. Comparative study of chip formation in orthogonal and oblique slowrate machining of en 16mncr5 steel. The cutting edge is inclined at an angle less than 90 o to the direction of tool. For analytical purpose, cutting operations are classified as oblique cutting and orthogonal cutting. Metal cutting and machine tools iitkgp 26,680 views. Oblique cutting implemented in industrial applications.
This thesis covers a study on modelling and simulation of orthogonal metal cutting by finite element method. In mathematics, orthogonality is the generalization of the notion of perpendicularity to the linear algebra of bilinear forms. Thus tool approach angle and cutting edge inclination are zero. View topic 3 material removal process cut theory from bda 3052 at tun hussein onn university of malaysia. An analysis of the chip geometry and the force system found in the case of orthogonal cutting accompanied by a type 2 chip has yielded a collection of useful equations which make possible the study of actual machining operations in terms of basic mechanical quantities. Finite element simulation of orthogonal metal cutting. In this paper, an elasticplastic stiffness matrix equation was first derived.
No cutting tool is perfectly sharp, and in the idealized picture as shown in figure 2 the cutting edge is represented by a cylindrical surface joining the tool flank and tool face. Finite element method is used to simulate threedimensional precision cutting, including orthogonal cutting and oblique cutting. The timing belt is an example of the synchronous drive. Figure 1 shows the orthogonal cutting process basic elements. In this study, an experimental investigation of oblique cutting process is presented for titanium alloy ti6al4v, aisi 4340, and al 7075. Topic 3 material removal processcut theory orthogonal. Usually, to split a pdf you have to spend a lot of money on premium software. Oblique cutting the cutting edge is inclined at an angle i known as inclination angle with the normal to the direction of tool travel. In actual machining,turning,millingetc cutting operations are oblique cutting. Aug 22, 2014 manufacturing technology theory of metal cutting metal cutting or machining is the process of producing a work piece by removing unwanted material from a block of metal, in the form of chips.
In this type of cutting, the cutting edge is perpendicular to the direction of the motion of the tool. Difference between orthogonal and oblique cutting orthogonal cutting in orthogonal cutting, the tool approaches the work piece with its cutting edge parallel to the uncut surface and at right angles to the direction of cutting. Mrr, tool wear physics of cutting mechanics force, power tool materials design for manufacturing 2. The direction of chip flow is perpendicular to the cutting edge. Pdf an experimental investigation of oblique cutting. Metal cutting or commonly known as machining, is the most common phenomenon used in manufacturing industries.
Tool life in orthogonal cutting is less than tool life in. Page 1 module 2 mechanics of machining version 2 me iit, kharapur page 2 module 2 mechanics of machining version 2 me iit, kharapur lesson 6 orthogonal and oblique cutting version 2 me iit, kharapur page 3 module 2 mechanics of machining version 2 me iit, kharapur lesson 6 orthogonal and oblique cutting version 2 me iit, kharapur instructional objectives at the end of this. Jul 18, 2012 the resultant cutting force f, along with the other forces acting on the shear and chiprake face contact zone there is no cutting force in thord dorection 7 most analyses assume that the mechanics of oblique cutting in the normal plane are equivalent to that of orthogonal cutting. Since the metal is being cut there must be a cutting force r. Schematic diagram of orthogonal metal cutting process the material used is aisi 4340 steel with a youngs modulus e of 207 gpa and density. The layer of the material with crosssection a b, is removed in the form of chips from the workpiece. Feb 17, 2018 in this video, we are discussing the concept of orthogonal and oblique cutting and difference between them. Milling cutters tools manufacturer capital gear tools. Summary the orthogonal metal cutting process for a controlled contact tool is simulated using a limit analysis. Orthogonal cutting cutting edge is straight, parallel to the original plane surface at the work piece and perpendicular to the direction of cutting. The relative movement of the tool in order to process the entire surface of the work piece.
Based on this analysis, predictive cutting force models for oblique cutting allowing for the effects of flank wear are proposed. Oblique cutting characteristics cutting edge at an angle. This cutting force r can be resolved in three mutually perpendicular directions. Advanced machining processes of metallic materials updates our knowledge on the metal cutting processes in relation to theory and industrial practice. Theory of metal cutting the metal cutting is done by a relative motion between the work piece and the hard edge of a cutting tool. In a cutting process, the position of cutting edge of the tool with respect to the workpiece is important, based on which metal cutting process are classified into two categories.
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